What Is the Difference Between Nephrology and Urology?

When it comes to kidney-related health issues, two medical specialties often come into focus: nephrology and urology. While both deal with the urinary system, they have distinct areas of expertise and treatment approaches. Understanding the differences can help patients seek the right specialist for their condition.

What Is Nephrology?

Nephrology is a branch of internal medicine that focuses on diagnosing and managing kidney diseases. Nephrologists specialize in treating conditions that affect kidney function, such as:

• Chronic kidney disease (CKD)


• Acute kidney injury


• Kidney stones (when they require medical management)


• Hypertension (high blood pressure) related to kidney disease


• Electrolyte imbalances


• Dialysis and kidney transplants

Nephrologists do not perform surgery. Instead, they use medications, lifestyle changes, and dialysis to manage kidney-related conditions. If a patient needs a kidney transplant, a nephrologist will work alongside a transplant surgeon to ensure proper treatment.